{"id":11977,"date":"2026-01-19T16:19:39","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T15:19:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pgl.pl\/biuletyn-pgl-vol-11\/to-byly-dobre-wakacje-dla-lotnictwa\/"},"modified":"2026-01-20T16:05:17","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T15:05:17","slug":"lotniska-dual-use-w-polsce-realna-symbioza","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pgl.pl\/en\/biuletyn-pgl-vol-11\/lotniska-dual-use-w-polsce-realna-symbioza\/","title":{"rendered":"Lotniska dual-use w&nbsp;Polsce \u2013 realna symbioza?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"11977\" class=\"elementor elementor-11977 elementor-11976\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-69d9e31 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"69d9e31\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1a08939\" data-id=\"1a08939\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5ed7d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5ed7d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dual-use airports in Poland \u2013 a&nbsp;viable symbiosis?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-464ecc3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"464ecc3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f479528\" data-id=\"f479528\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7f4dc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a7f4dc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pgl.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/trangle-rcs4jlktdbrzkwg6981k5hg2py0ejyed31spact3ye.png\" title=\"trangle.png\" alt=\"trangle.png\" loading=\"lazy\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d933a16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d933a16\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3724b04\" data-id=\"3724b04\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dfac86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dfac86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>During the Aviation Future Forum, one of the panel discussions was devoted to dual-use airports. What is the current demand for such airports in Poland and what are the outlooks concerning cooperation between port authorities and the military?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p><p>In the face of rising geopolitical tensions and recent armed conflicts, airport infrastructure is increasingly perceived not only as a&nbsp;component of the civilian transportation market, but also as a&nbsp;resource of strategic importance. Dual-use airports, combining civilian and military functions, are becoming one of the key links in the security system. At the same time, however, they raise questions concerning their resilience, management or adaptation of infrastructure. These issues, among others, were discussed by industry representatives during the debate.<\/p><p><strong>Conflict attracts interest<\/strong><\/p><p>As Brigadier General Krzysztof Stobiecki \u2013 aviation advisor at the Ministry of Defence \u2013 stated at the outset, Russia\u2019s war with Ukraine has shown that the importance of the airports in Rzesz\u00f3w and Lublin increased significantly.<\/p><p>\u2018This proves that the military was not interested, in the past, in using these airfields. Before the war, a&nbsp;clear line was drawn between military and civil aviation. A&nbsp;few airports, such as Krak\u00f3w and others, were used by the army, but our perception definitely changed after the outbreak of the conflict in Ukraine. Now, when we are talking about what the military has at its disposal, we are no longer just talking about military airports, but also about all those civilian airports that are available\u2019 \u2013 he noted, pointing out that as recently as in February 2025, Prime Minister Donald Tusk stressed the need to increase cooperation between airports and the military.<\/p><p>Krzysztof Stobiecki revealed, without disclosing any secret details, that there are plans on how to use airports in wartime. The Ministry of Defence is also planning and conducting exercises using all available airports, and is currently working on dual-use of the Wroclaw airport.<\/p><p>\u2018It used to be a&nbsp;military airport, then it became a&nbsp;civilian airfield, and now we are working to make it a&nbsp;major port on the NATO map, used to supply allied forces in Poland. Then we will be thinking about Katowice. This is happening, slowly. I&nbsp;must say that the conflict, just like it was with many other groups, has also mobilised us to change our way of thinking\u2019 \u2013 he concluded.<\/p><p><strong>Dual-use in practice<\/strong><\/p><p>The question whether airports are already used, in practice, for dual purposes in Poland could be answered by Bartosz G\u00f3rski \u2013 Vice President of the Management Board at Rzesz\u00f3w-Jasionka Airport \u2013 a&nbsp;facility that became a&nbsp;highly important hotspot after the escalation of tensions across our eastern border.<\/p><p>He started by noting that alerts and the need to close the airspace over the airport do not translate into the closure of the airport itself. The misinformation that Rzesz\u00f3w\u2019s civilian airport is being closed does not affect negatively the authorities\u2019 plans to continue expanding the airfield.<\/p><p>\u2018We can be treated as a&nbsp;hybrid airport, where civil-military cooperation is thriving, with neither side interfering with the needs of the other. We are growing as a&nbsp;civilian airport, at a&nbsp;rate of several percent each&nbsp;year.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8756d7\" data-id=\"e8756d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e832569 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e832569\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This year we will serve 1.2 million passengers, with their number equalling 800,000 back in 2019. We are also expanding out cargo operations \u2013 not only those related to the goods donated to Ukraine, but also commercial cargo. We do not impact the military operations in any manner whatsoever and do not impose any solutions. We are carrying out all operations smoothly\u2019 \u2013 said airport\u2019s Deputy CEO.<\/p><p>The war and increased military activity in the east of Poland do not interfere with the development of the airport. This is best evidenced by the fact that Rzesz\u00f3w Jasionka has become a&nbsp;beneficiary of the Connecting Europe Facility, under which it received nearly \u20ac17 million in funding, to be earmarked for the reconstruction of the runway. The first stage of the investment process has already been completed.<\/p><p>\u2018We have fully restored our operational readiness. We remained open without any interruptions, but no ILS was available. Now, everything is as it should be. More stages of this programme are still ahead of us, and I&nbsp;hope there will be more in store for use in the future. We look forward to working closely with the military. We value this cooperation with the General Staff and various military units, as they not only support us in separating civilian and military operations, but also provide positive feedback on our future investment ideas. We are aware of the role that critical infrastructure plays, as the war in Ukraine has shown that airports need to be included in this category. Our investment plans assume that military traffic will be clearly separated\u2019 \u2013 revealed G\u00f3rski, hoping that PLN 500 million could be spent on those programmes in the years to come, as the recent months have shown that PLN 200 million worth of projects were completed.<\/p><p>Finally, he added that the management of the Rzesz\u00f3w-Jasionka Airport believed that the number of passengers would continue to grow on a&nbsp;regular basis, reaching 1.8 million over the next few years. Consequently, the authorities must already be thinking about a&nbsp;future expansion of the passenger terminal. One idea assumes that part of the old terminal could be refurbished or constructed a&nbsp;new, and that all the infrastructure would be adapted to its dual-use function, so as to be ready to serve both donated and e\u2011commerce cargo.<\/p><p><strong>Krak\u00f3w goes back to its&nbsp;roots<\/strong><\/p><p>The point of view of Krak\u00f3w-Balice International Airport, meanwhile, was presented by its CEO \u2013 \u0141ukasz Struty\u0144ski. Talking about the airport\u2019s history, he recalled that it was originally a&nbsp;military airfield, and its civilian operations commenced in 1964, with the first flight from Warsaw to Krak\u00f3w. Following that event, the proportions began to change. He also recalled that Krak\u00f3w was the first airport to conclude an operational agreement in 2005, and became a&nbsp;model for documents drawn up at other airports.<\/p><p>\u2018At that time [in 2005 \u2013 editor\u2019s note], we celebrated our millionth passenger in August. It was a&nbsp;big event. We ended that year with 1.5 million passengers, and next year we expect to serve 15 million of them \u2013 a&nbsp;tenfold increase in twenty years.<\/p><p>The proportions between of operations of various types have changed as well. This year, the number of operations will exceed 80,000. The share of military operations is decreasing not because military activity is declining, but because the number of commercial flights is growing and Krak\u00f3w is the fastest developing airport in a&nbsp;group of its European peers\u2019&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c77a318\" data-id=\"c77a318\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8ee7d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8ee7d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>- he noted, adding that in the winter season the airport\u2019s growth rate will equal nearly 30 percent, which will be a&nbsp;major challenge.<\/p><p>Struty\u0144ski also informed that the port was implementing an investment programme whose scale may be small from the point of view of other major projects, such as Centralny Port Komunikacyjny, but is huge for Krak\u00f3w-Balice Airport. We are talking about PLN 4&nbsp;billion, with this amount including a&nbsp;new runway and a&nbsp;number of smaller \u2013 but also very important \u2013 infrastructure components. He assured that the expansion and subsequent investments would not be possible without the military, and that each project is coordinated with the army \u2013 including the recently opened Ryanair training centre, the largest of its type in Europe.<\/p><p>\u2018Without cooperation, such an investment would not be possible. Therefore, we work very closely together on a&nbsp;daily basis. A&nbsp;very symbolic example may be presented here: in September, when one of our planes suffered a&nbsp;runway excursion and paralysed the airport for half a&nbsp;day, the first call I&nbsp;got at the time was from the 8th Air Force Base. They asked if we needed any support, as they had some camp beds they could provide. We took advantage of their offer and provided those beds to passengers for whom there was no more room in hotels. So, we cooperate closely in many areas\u2019 \u2013 concluded the airport\u2019s CEO.<\/p><p><strong>Is CPK ready for dual-use?<\/strong><\/p><p>Meanwhile, Pawe\u0142 Rogosz, Director of the company\u2019s Financial Department, was asked about plans take into consideration both civilian and military use of the airport at Centralny Port Komunikacyjny\u2019s design stage. He reminded that CPK is not just an airport, but a&nbsp;state-of-the-art transport hub.<\/p><p>\u2018With all those aspects taken into consideration, adaptation of the existing infrastructure is costly, time-consuming and organisationally challenging. Therefore, in order to optimise cost and effort, all dual use-related factors were accounted for, from the very beginning, in the design of the airport and its accompanying rail and road systems. Often, minor modifications were required only \u2013 like a&nbsp;minor change in the location of railways or roundabouts, enabling the passage of heavy equipment. All these issues were consulted with the military and were reflected in the airport\u2019s master plan\u2019 \u2013 he concluded.<\/p><p>Regardless of the above, the authorities are aware that first and foremost, the airport will be used for civilian purposes. However, in certain cases, such as emergencies or specific operational needs, it will be available to the military as&nbsp;well.<\/p><p>The debate was summed up by Krzysztof Stobiecki, pointing out that Poland can draw positive examples from other NATO countries, where practically most airports are of the use dual-use variety. He noted the American example, as many military bases located in that country are also used as civilian airports \u2013 for instance in Albuquerque. The same thing is happening closer to Poland\u2019s border \u2013 in the Lithuanian town of \u0160iauliai.<\/p><p>\u2018The experience is there, and there is no doubt that the needs of civilian and military counterparts can be reconciled. The benefits are mutual\u2019 \u2013 he concluded optimistically.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53c877a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53c877a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c862411\" data-id=\"c862411\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-678d5c0 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"678d5c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pgl.pl\/en\/biuletyn-pgl-vol-12\/\" class=\"elementor-icon elementor-animation-\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-backward\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path d=\"M11.5 280.6l192 160c20.6 17.2 52.5 2.8 52.5-24.6V96c0-27.4-31.9-41.8-52.5-24.6l-192 160c-15.3 12.8-15.3 36.4 0 49.2zm256 0l192 160c20.6 17.2 52.5 2.8 52.5-24.6V96c0-27.4-31.9-41.8-52.5-24.6l-192 160c-15.3 12.8-15.3 36.4 0 49.2z\" \/><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pgl.pl\/en\/biuletyn-pgl-vol-12\/\"> Back To Home&nbsp;Page&nbsp;<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39f8a8c\" data-id=\"39f8a8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bee1343 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bee1343\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d6f8d6\" data-id=\"5d6f8d6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b4f6db elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2b4f6db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4500\" height=\"567\" src=\"https:\/\/pgl.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/logo-blue.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-6894\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/pgl.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/logo-blue.png 4500w, https:\/\/pgl.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/logo-blue-300x38.png 300w, https:\/\/pgl.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/logo-blue-1024x129.png 1024w, https:\/\/pgl.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/logo-blue-768x97.png 768w, https:\/\/pgl.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/logo-blue-1536x194.png 1536w, https:\/\/pgl.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/logo-blue-2048x258.png 2048w, https:\/\/pgl.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/logo-blue-1920x242.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4500px) 100vw, 4500px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dual-use airports in Poland \u2013 a&nbsp;viable symbiosis? During the Aviation Future Forum, one of the panel discussions was devoted to&nbsp;[\u2026]<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_11977\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"11977\" style><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\" \/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\" \/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\" \/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\" \/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\" \/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\" \/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\" \/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\" \/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\" \/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/pgl.pl\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=\"0\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":11712,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","inline_featured_image":false,"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11977","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lotniska dual-use w Polsce \u2013 realna symbioza? - Polska Grupa Lotnicza - Integrator podmiot\u00f3w sektora lotniczego<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, nofollow\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lotniska dual-use w Polsce \u2013 realna symbioza? - Polska Grupa Lotnicza - Integrator podmiot\u00f3w sektora lotniczego\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dual-use airports in Poland \u2013 a&nbsp;viable symbiosis? 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